Week 15 Bible:The Old Testament (western literature)

1.Charles Dicken(7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the twentieth century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. such as Oliver Twist and  A Tale of Two Cities


2.David Copperfield is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens. It was first published as a serial in 1849–50, and as a book in 1850. Many elements of the novel follow events in Dickens' own life, and it is probably the most autobiographical of his novels.In the preface to the 1867 edition, Dickens wrote, "like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favorite child. And his name is David Copperfield."



3. In Jesus's Childhood, When the family caravan was a day’s journey from Jerusalem on their way toward home, they discovered that Jesus was missing,but when they found him in the temple area. He was not playing with other boys, lost or even scared to be on his own. He was instead involved in serious discussions with some of the learned teachers of the law in Jerusalem, “both listening to them and asking them questions”


4. In the bible about Jesus's birth-the angel appeared to Joseph in a dream and explained to him that all this was bringing about the fulfillment of prophecy that a virgin would bear a child who was to be the Savior , and he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife. But he had no union with her until she gave birth to a son. And he gave him the name Jesus.”


5. Original sin- is the Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sin resulting from the fall of man,when Adam and Eve eat the forbidden fruit( sin of consuming from the tree of knowledge of good and evil) in Garden of Eden,which they had been commanded not to do by God.


6.Michelangelo-was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.Considered as the greatest living artist in his lifetime, he has since been held as one of the greatest artists of all time.Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.


7.A gospel is an account describing the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. The most widely known examples are the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John which are included in the New Testament.

Christianity places a high value on the four canonical gospels, which it considers to be a revelation from God and central to its belief system.Christianity traditionally teaches that the four canonical gospels are an accurate and authoritative representation of the life of Jesus,but more liberal churches and many scholars believe that not everything contained in the gospels is historically reliable.


8.The Hebrew Bible-is the term used by biblical scholars to refer to the Tanakh, the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is the common textual source of the several canonical editions of the Christian Old Testament. These texts are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew, with some passages in Biblical Aramaic.


9.Abraham and Isaac
Three visitors come to Abraham and said that he would have a son. Sarah believed she was too old to have a child and laughed. Yet she did conceive (Genesis 21:1-7) and had a baby named Isaac, whose name means laughter.


10.Noah-God revealed Himself to Noah and told him of the impending Flood.
So God said to Noah, "I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth" (Genesis 6:13).


11.Jacob-Jacob had personal visits from God on a number of occasions.There beside him stood the LORD and said: "I am the LORD, the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the land on which you are lying" (Genesis 28:13).


12.The sacrifice of Issac- To test the faith of Abraham, God want Abraham to sacrifice his own son- Isaac in the region of  Moriah, so he lie to his wife Sarah and binding his son and burn him on fire by wood,but it's avoided by the angel, he tells Abraham not to kill his son ,because he really have the faith for God, so God  give him a white lamb.


13.Yahweh- is the national god of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah.His origins are mysterious, although they reach back to the early Iron Age and even the Late Bronze: his name may have begun as an epithet of El, head of the Bronze Age Canaanite pantheon,but the earliest plausible mentions are in Egyptian texts that place him among the nomads of the southern Transjordan.


Vocabulary

1. gen-prefix means "race" or "kind of"

Example-genesis(Development into being)
                generic(Belonging to race or kind)
                genital(The reproductive organs)

2.scrooge/skrudʒ/noun-A mean-spirited miserly person.
Example- I hate those people who are the scrooge, they are rich enough, but still don't help the poor's situation.

3.secular/ˈsɛkjəlɚ/adjective-Worldly rather than spiritual.
Example-The choir sings both sacred and secular music.

4.vulgar/ˈvʌlgɚ/adjective-Deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement.
Example-They are many people, who spitting in public is considered vulgar,but they don't even care about it.

5.fresco/ˈfrɛsko/noun-The art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water.
Example-The actor have paint a masterpiece in fresco, which sell for ten million dollars.

The movie

1.The Christmas Carol- is the novel of Charles Dickens,which change to the movie, the story is about an old man named Ebenezer Scrooge who change his personality when he meet the ghost- Jacob Marley,who come to save him form the same fate.


2.Meet me in St. Louis- is a 1944 musical film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which tells the story of an American family living in St. Louis at the time of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair in 1904.



The song
Sam Smith - Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas

Have yourself a merry little Christmas
Let your heart be light
From now on your troubles will be out of sight

Have yourself a merry little Christmas
Make the Yuletide gay
From now on your troubles will be miles away

Here we are as in olden days
Happy golden days of yore
Faithful friends who are dear to us
To gather near to us once more

Through the years we all will be together
If the fates allow
Hang a shining star upon the highest place
So have yourself a merry little Christmas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnEqv8WcVq8

Week14 chap 23-24 (English Vocabulary and Etymology)

Vocabulary

1.nihil-prefix means"nothing"
Example-nihilism(total rejection of established laws and institutions.)
                nihilistic(the total rejection of established laws and institutions)
                nihility(nothingness; nonexistence.)

2.pro-prefix means "in favor of"
Example-proponent(a person who puts forward a proposition or proposal.)
                proganist(the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work.)
                proposition(the act of offering or suggesting something to be considered.)

3.omni-prefix means "all"
Example-omniscient(having complete or unlimited knowledge.)
                omnipresence(all around everywhere.)
                omnipotent(almighty or infinite in power, as God.)

4.astro-prefix means"star"
Example-astrology(the study that assumes and attempts to interpret the influence of the heavenly bodies on human affairs.)
                 astronaut(a person engaged in or trained for spaceflight.)
                 astronomy(the science that deals with the material universe beyond the earth's atmosphere.)

5.sub-prefix means "under"
Example-substitute(a person or thing that can change instead)
               subalpine(pertaining to the regions at the foot of the Alps.)
               substratum(something that underlies or serves as a basis or foundation.)

6.nov-roots means"new"
Example-innovation(something new or different introduced.)
                renovation(to restore to good condition.)
                novice(a person who is new to the circumstances, work, etc.)

7.metaphora /ˈmɛt əˌfɔr/noun- is a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance.
Example- Refuge takes more than a village, and Helm is right to concentrate on his complex city as both fact and metaphor.    

8.conceit/kənˈsit/noun-an excessively favorable opinion of one's own ability, importance.
Example-Wolf concurs that the conceit of the show seems to have everyone but the sex worker in mind.

9.analogy/əˈnæl ə dʒi/noun-a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based.
Example-Among those who were near the queen at this solemn hour was Dr. Butler, author of the ' analogy.'

10.onomatopoeia/ˌɒn əˌmæt əˈpi ə /noun-the formation of a word, as cuckoo, meow, honk, or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent.
Example-All words which were spontaneously acquired seemed to be instances of onomatopoeia.

11.commencement/kəˈmɛns mənt/ noun-the day on which this ceremony takes place.
Example-At the commencement of the quarrel he had been unarmed, but he had now seized this weapon in self-defense.

12.skyscraper/ˈskaɪˌskreɪ pər/noun-At the commencement of the quarrel he had been unarmed, but he had now seized this weapon in self-defence.
Example-The skyscrapers block our view.

13.proficient/prəˈfɪʃ ənt/ adjective-well-advanced or competent in any art, science, or subject.
Example-Lots of things that now seem canonical would not have been accessible to Leonardo, who was not that proficient in Latin.

14.cabinet/ˈkæb ə nɪt/noun- a piece of furniture with shelves, drawers, etc.
Example-Be that as it may, stocking the cabinet is a delicate task for the prime minister-elect.

15.horoscope/ˈhɔr əˌskoʊp/noun-a prediction of future events or advice for future behavior based on such a diagram.
Example-You will of course send the old lady's horoscope to us at the same time with full particulars.

16.theorem/ˈθi ər əm/noun-a rule or law, especially one expressed by an equation or formula.
Example-Let the notation be dispensed with until the child understands the problem or theorem will become fascinating.

17.geometry/dʒiˈɒm ɪ tri/noun-the study of this branch of mathematics.
Example-The Garden of Cyrus, with its arcane explorations of botany and geometry.

18.computer illiterate/kəmˈpyu tər// ɪˈlɪt ər ɪt/noun-To not understand computers, and to be unable to perform simple tasks with them. 
Example-He is a computer illiterate,because he even didn't understand the meaning of App.

19.petite/pəˈtit/noun- short and having a small, trim figure.
Example-Frances, a petite dark-haired beauty, had been hanging out by the gate since she was 13.

The Movie

Dead Poets Society "O' Captain,My Captain! "
s a 1989 American drama film written by Tom Schulman, directed by Peter Weir and starring Robin Williams. Set at the conservative and aristocratic Welton Academy in the Northeastern United States in 1959,it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry.



The poem

1. "O' Captain,My Captain"(extended metaphor poem)by Walt whitman

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
                         But O heart! heart! heart!
                            O the bleeding drops of red,
                               Where on the deck my Captain lies,
                                  Fallen cold and dead.

O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills,
For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding,
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
                         Here Captain! dear father!
                            This arm beneath your head!
                               It is some dream that on the deck,
                                 You’ve fallen cold and dead.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,
The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;
                         Exult O shores, and ring O bells!
                            But I with mournful tread,
                               Walk the deck my Captain lies,

                                  Fallen cold and dead.


 James Madison, Jr. (March 16  1751 – June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, political theorist, and the fourth President of the United States (1809–17). He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for being instrumental in the drafting of the U.S. Constitution and as the key champion and author of the Bill of Rights. He served as a politician much of his adult life.

Week 14 Aristotle’s Poetics (western literature)

1. Mimesis- is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings, which include imitation, representation, mimicry, receptivity, non-sensuous similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression, and the presentation of the self.

One of the best-known modern studies of mimesis, understood as a form of realism in literature, is Erich Auerbach's Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature- is a history of representation in Western literature from ancient to modern times and frequently cited as a classic in the study of realism in literature
Erich Auerbach (November 9, 1892 – October 13, 1957) was a philologist and comparative scholar and critic of literature.

2.Lysistrata- The plot begin with Lysistata and her friend  Calonice, they persuade the other woman to not to do sex with their husband, so all the woman decide to sex strike, for the man to declare the peace without  Peloponnese War, and with the help of the most gorgeous and young woman- Reconciliation, finally they make agreement.



3.Aristotle's Poetic- is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory.

In it, Aristotle offers an account of what he calls "poetry" (a term which in Greek literally means "making" and in this context includes drama—comedy, tragedy, and the satyr play—as well as lyric poetry and epic poetry). They are similar in the fact that they are all imitations but different in the three ways that Aristotle describes:

1.Differences in music rhythm, harmony, meter and melody.
2.Difference of goodness in the characters.
3.Difference in how the narrative is presented: telling a story or acting it out.



4.Classical unities(Aristotelian unities, or three unities)- are rules for drama derived from a passage in Aristotle's Poetics. In their neoclassical form they are as follows:

1.unity of action: a play should have one action that it follows, with minimal subplots.
2.unity of time: the action in a play should occur over a period of no more than 24 hours.
3.unity of place: a play should exist in a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place.

5.Definition of Aristotle's tragedy- the “imitation of an action” (mimesis) according to “the law of probability or necessity.” Aristotle indicates that the medium of tragedy is drama, not narrative; tragedy “shows” rather than “tells.” According to Aristotle, tragedy is higher and more philosophical than history because history simply relates what has happened while tragedy dramatizes what may happen, “what is possibile according to the law of probability or necessity.”

5.Plato-was a philosopher and mathematician in Classical Greece, and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition.Plato was the innovator of the dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy, which originate with him.




6.Socrates-was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes.


7.Harmartia- is commonly understood to refer to the protagonist’s error or flaw that leads to a chain of plot actions culminating in a reversal from their good fortune to bad.

Harmartia is first described in the subject of literary criticism by Aristotle in his Poetics. The source of Hamartia is at the juncture between Character and the character's actions or behaviors as outlined by Aristotle.

Vocabulary

1.e-prefix means"to evolve"
Example-evolution(any process of formation or growth; development)
                evolve(to develop gradually)

2.omni-prefix means "all "
Example-omniscient(knowing everything)
                omnifarious(all forms, varieties, or kinds.)
                omnipotence(almighty or infinite in power, as God.)
                

3.masturbation/ˌmæs tərˈbeɪ ʃən/ noun-the stimulation or manipulation of one's own genitals, especially to orgasm; sexual self-gratification.
Example-The love of flagellation temporarily died out, however, and gave place to masturbation and later to a normal attraction to women.

4.abuse/əˈbyuz/verb-the use of something in a way that is wrong or harmful.
Example-He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.

5.farce/fɑrs/noun-a funny play for the theatre based on ridiculous way.
Example-We don't like to see a bedroom farce in the theatre.

6.tragic- flaw/ˈtrædʒ ɪk -flɔ/noun-the character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy; hamartia.
Example-This British playwright has a tragic flaw , everything she writes comes out funny.

7.point of view(POV)/pɔɪnt//ʌv//vyu /noun- specified or stated manner of consideration or appraisal.
Example-Olivier Rousteing also is sustaining the point of view at Balmain that returned the house to the spotlight.

The poem

A Red,Red Rose by Robert Burns

My love is like a red, red rose
   That’s newly sprung in June :
My love is like the melody

   That’s sweetly played in tune.

As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
   So deep in love am I :
And I will love thee still, my dear,
   Till a’ the seas gang dry.

Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,
   And the rocks melt wi’ the sun :
And I will love thee still, my dear,
   While the sands o’ life shall run.

And fare thee weel, my only love,
   And fare thee weel a while !
And I will come again, my love,

   Thou’ it were ten thousand mile.

The video

How to take great note?
1.Don't write fact,write conclusion-information that you understand.
2.Colorful.
3.Review-share to the others and relearn again.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAhRf3U50lM

Week 13 chap 21-22(English Vocabulary and Etymology)

1.Protestantism- is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.

 Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was the first and most prominent leader of a reform movement in sixteenth century Christianity, subsequently known as the Protestant Reformation. Essentially, Luther sought to recover core New Testament teachings that he claimed had been obscured by corruption and worldly traditions of medieval Catholicism.

2.What is the difference between Catholics and Protestants?
(a) the issue of the sufficiency and authority of Scripture.
-Protestants believe that the Bible alone is the source of God’s special revelation to mankind and teaches us all that is necessary for our salvation from sin.
-Catholics reject the doctrine of sola scriptura and do not believe that the Bible alone is sufficient. They believe that both the Bible and sacred Roman Catholic tradition are equally binding upon the Christian.

(b)over the office and authority of the Pope. 

-Protestants believe that the Bible teaches God sent the Holy Spirit to indwell all born-again believers, enabling all believers to understand the message of the Bible.

-Catholicism teaches that only the Catholic Church can properly interpret the Bible, 

(c)how one is saved

-Catholics teach that the Christian must rely on faith plus “meritorious works” in order to be saved.

-Protestants believe that, on the basis of faith in Christ alone, believers are justified by God, as all their sins are paid for by Christ on the cross and His righteousness is imputed to them. 

(d)what happens after death

-  Catholic Encyclopedia is a “place or condition of temporal punishment for those who, departing this life in God’s grace, are not entirely free from venial faults, 

- Protestants believe that because we are justified by faith in Christ alone and that Christ’s righteousness is imputed to us—when we die, we will go straight to heaven to be in the presence of the Lord.

3.Abraham Lincoln's springfield

4.Gaius Julius Caesar-was a Roman statesman, general and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservative ruling class within the Roman Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero.



5. Eastern Orthodox Church-is the second largest Christian Church in the world,with an estimated 225–300 million adherents.
The Eastern Orthodox Church is one of the oldest religious institutions in the world,teaching that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission to the apostles, and practicing what it understands to be the original faith passed down from the Apostles.



Vocabulary

1. ant-suffix  means"people"
Example-Protestant( a member of the Western Christian Church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 16th century)
               attendant( a person whose job is serve another people in a public place)
               accountant( a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts)

2.ex-prefix means "out"
Example-exorbitant( something was too high,especially for a price)
               exorcise( to make an evil spirit leave a place or somebody's body)
               exosmosis( the region near the edge of a planet's atmosphere)

3.op-root means"against"
Example-opponent( a person that you are playing or fighting)
                oppose( to disagree strongly with somebody plan,policy...etc)
                proponent( a person who supports an idea or course of action)
4.bell-root means"war"
Example-belligerent(  inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive)
                rebellious( prone to or participating in a rebellion )
                antebellum( belonging to the period before a war, especially the American Civil War.)

5.spouse/spaʊs/noun-A marriage partner; a husband or wife
Example-Jobs are available for spouses on campus and in the community.

6.asset/ˈæsˌɛt/noun- A useful or valuable quality, person, or thing; an advantage or a resource.
Example-My father's asset for his retirement is to buy a farm.

7.liability/ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti/noun-Something for which one is an obligation, a responsibility, or a debt.
Example-Everyone have their own liability to help each others, even though they are no body.

8.equity/ˈɛkwɪti/noun-The state, quality, or ideal of being just, impartial, and fair.
Example-They seem to be actuated by the principles of equity and justice.

9.poor eyesight /pʊr ˈaɪˌsaɪt/ noun- The faculty of  vision is very weak.
Example-He have a poor eyesight since he was born.

10. Cesarean section(c-section)-/sɪˈzɛriən ˈsɛkʃən/ noun- A surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus, performed to deliver a fetus.
Example- All of the doctor are working in the cesarean section.

The book

A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. The book, published in 1929, is a first-person account of American Frederic Henry, serving as a Lieutenant ("Tenente") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army.



The movie
Stuart Little is a story of a little white mouse that live with Little family
 There is a scene that shows the boat competition ,and on Stuart's boat have a symbol of WASP(White Anglo-Saxon Protestant).


The fountain of youth by Edgar Allan Poe  is a 1956 television pilot directed by Orson Welles for a proposed Desilu Productions anthology series that was never produced. Based on a short story by John Collier, the short film narrated onscreen by Welles stars Dan Tobin, Joi Lansing and Rick Jason.


The song
The first Noel Martina McBride
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUMzIKCPFtM
In the lyric it said they are three gifts for Christian's birthday such as incense, gold, myrrh.



               
               

Week13 Aristophanes’ Lysistrata (western literature)

1.Orestes-In Greek mythology,He was the son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon. He is the subject of several Ancient Greek plays and of various myths connected with his madness and purification, which retain obscure threads of much older ones.


2.Crismon(Chi Rho)-is one of the earliest forms of christogram, and is used by some Christians. It is formed by superimposing the letters chi (X) and rho (Ρ) of the Greek word "ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ" = Christ in such a way to produce the monogram.Although not technically a Christian cross, the Chi-Rho invokes the authority of Jesus, as well as symbolizing his status as the Christ.


3.Christopher Marlowe, in Doctor Faustus , referring to Helen of Troy:
Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships 
And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?
Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss.

The meaning of the quotation is a reference to the mythological figure Helen of Troy . Her abduction by Paris was said to be the reason for a fleet of a thousand ships to be launched into battle, initiating the Trojan Wars.


4.When Thebes is with the plague,Oedipus -the king decide to find the reason,so he send Creon return to Thebes from the visits of the oracle,according to the messages of Apollo,the plague will finish when he find the killer of Laicus, also he heard from Tiresias that he killed Laicus himself,but he doesn't believe it,and the messenger of Corinth have came to Thebes.


5. The messenger tell him that the king of Corinth-Polybus is dead, when Oedipus feel happy,because he think he escaped from the prophecy of killing his own father ,but the messenger tell him that he is adopted,when he is abandon on the Cithaeron and gave to Polybus to raise,then he realize he killed Laicus who is his real father and marry to his own mother,at the same time,his mother wife-Jocasta,who find out Oedipus is her own son, beacause when Laicus going to abandon Oedipus as a baby,he spin hard on his leg to let him die,finally when Oedipus see his mother hanged herself,he blind himself and exile from Thebes.
  

6.According to Antigone by Sophocles, when Oedipus is exiled from Thebes, his son- Eteocles and Polynices will alternate the throne of Thebes,but when Eteocles refuse to step down and Polynices attacked Thebes,two of them die in the war,so their uncle-Creon have the throne,and decide not to bury Polynices,but Antigone-Polynices's sister,want to bury him and get caught,Creon ordered to put her underground in a box  ,and her sister-Ismene want the same fate,Creon executed her,and Antigone's lover of engagement-Haemon find out his love was hanged herself, when he fail to revenge his father,he killed himself and Creon suicide,too.


Vocabulary

1.spect- prefix means"look"
Example-spectator( a person who is watching the event )
                spectacle(  a performance or show that is very impressive)
                spectate( to watch something like event or performance)
2.audi-prefix means"listen"
Example-audience( a group of people who have gather to watch the event)
               audible( something that can be heard clearly)
               audio( connect with the sound that is recorded)
3.ant-suffix means"people"
Example-attendant( a person who's job is serving in the public)
                participant( a person who is taking part in an activity or event)
                defendant( a person who is being sued by another person)
4.ab-prefix means"leave"
Example-abduction( get kidnapped by someone )
                abandon( to leave somebody,especially you are responsible )
                abase( to act that shows you accept somebody's power over you)

5.condemn/kənˈdɛm/ verb-to pronounce to be guilty; sentence to punishment
Example-I condemn both Bush-as-Hitler and Obama-as-Hitler comparisons in my book and subsequent speeches.

6. hubris/ˈhjubrɪs/ noun- the fact that somebody feel being too proud.
Example-It was thanks in part to hubris and ego that LulzSec eventually imploded.

7.foreshadow /fɔrˈʃædo/verb-To present an indication or a suggestion of beforehand.
Example-the witch foreshadow that someone is going to die tonight.

8.sarcasm/ˈsɑˌkæzəm/ noun- a way to make fun of the others with unpleasant or opposite words
Example-we all know there is a hint of sarcasm in his voice to mock someone.

Week12 chap 19-20 (English Vocabulary and Etymology)

Vocabulary

1.Extra-prefix means"outside"
Example-extraordinary( unexpected, strange or surprising )
                extrajudicial( happening outside the normal power of the law)
                extraterritorial( the creatures come from other planet or exist in another planet)
2.candid- prefix means "bright" or "shining"
Example-candidate( a person who is being elected )
               candidacy( the fact of being a candidate in an election)
               candidature( candidacy)
3. dia-prefix means "thoroughly"
Example-diabolic( extremely bad or annoying)
                diarrhea( an intestinal disorder characterized by abnormal frequency and fluidity of fecal evacuations.)
                dialect( a language that spoken in one area)

4.vice-prefix means "deputy"
Example-vice president ( deputy of president)
                viceroy( a person who is sent by a king to govern a colony)
                 vice admiral( an officer of very high rank navy)
5.chron-prefix means "time"
Example-chronological( a series of event in order )
                chronic( something is difficult to cure)
                chronometer( an accurate clock especially used for sea)
6.-ure-suffix means " action" or "result" or "process"
Example-censure( to blame someone)
                exposure( some place or situation where is no protection or harmful)
                posture( your attitude to a particular situation or the way you deal with)
7.crook/krʊk/ noun- someone is definitely a fraud or lair.
example-That salesman is a real crook.

8.virtue /ˈvɜr tʃu/noun-behavior or attitudes that show high moral standards.
example-She is certainly no virtue in her privacy life.

9.stain  /steɪn/ noun- to remove a mark that is difficult to remove on something
Example-I hope the red sauce will not stain on the carpet.
10.intoxicated /ɪnˈtɒk sɪˌkeɪ tɪd/ adjective-someone is  mentally drunk.
example-She is intoxicated after drink ten glasses of wine.

11.acute /əˈkyut/adjective-very serious or severe.
Example-There is an acute shortage of water.

12.spinal cord/ˈspaɪnl/ /kɔrd/ -the cord of nerve tissue extending through the spinal canal of the spinal column.
example-He pointed out also that nerves have no power in themselves, but merely conduct impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord.

13.integument/ɪnˈtɛg yə mənt/noun-a nature covering of skin or shell.
example- This process continues till the whole dorsal surface is covered by the integument.

Week 12 Euripides’ Medea (western literature )

1. Aristotles  -was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the Macedonian city of Stagira, Chalkidice. At eighteen, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great starting from 343 BC.

2.Plot is the most important in drama,a story which affect others event through the principle causes and effect , who went to see the event mostly are men ,and on the stage there \are three side of entrance for the actors.


3. Deux ex machina is a Latin calque from Greek meaning "god from the machine".The term has evolved to mean a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem is suddenly and abruptly resolved by the contrived and unexpected intervention of some new event, character, ability or object to bring the tale to a happy ending , or  a comedic device. Aristotle was the first to use deus ex machina as a term to describe the technique as a device to resolve the plot of tragedies.


4.Medea is a barbarian and a sorceress who was the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, niece of Circe,sister of Absyrtus. granddaughter of the sun god Helios, and later wife to the hero Jason, with whom she had two children, Mermeros and Pheres. In Euripides's play of Medea.


5.Argo-the first magical ship constructed by Jason and the Argonauts the his quest to find the Golden Fleece.


6.The myth of Medea and Jason
When Jason go back to his homeland-Lolcus to regain his father's throne-Aeson stolen by his uncle Pelias,but king Pelias says if Jason bring him the golden fleece,then he will give up the throne,so Jason sail the Argo far away to Colchis,when he arrived,the king Aeëtes of Colchis says that he can have the golden fleece, if he complete the three impossible task.

Medea,the daughter of king Aeëtes,who fall in love with Jason and helps him to complete all the tasks even betray her family,she killed his brother and steel the golden fleece for Jason,when they return to Lolcus,she killed Pelias and his son,but they were exiled by Pelias's daughter to Corinth.

When Jason bring the Golden Fleece to king Pelias

7. When both of them settle in Corinth with two children,the king of Corinth-Creon want Jason marry his daughter Glauce,and Jason decide to abandon Medea,she takes vengeance for Jason's,she kill her children and kill Glauce with poisoned robe,finally she escaped to Athen with new life.

Medea killed her children

Vocabulary

1.contro-prefix means"against"
Example-controversial( causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement)
                controllability( something can be controlled)
                controvert( to say or prove that something is not true)

2.tempo-root means"time"
Example-contemporary( belonging to the same time)
               temporize( to comply with the time or circumstance)
               extempore( spoken or done without any preparation)

3.soph-prefix means"wisdom"
Example-sophist(  one who reasons falsely )
                sophisticated( having a lot of knowledge, culture, fashion and experience of the world)
                 sophistry( to persuade someone something is true but really false)
4.fidel-root means "trust"
Example-infidelity( the act not being faithful to your wife)
                confidential( to keep secret and not told anyone)
                fidelity( being loyal to somebody)

5.orchestra/ˈɔr kə strə/noun-a group of people who play various musical instrumental together.
Example-She plays the flute in the school orchestra.

6.ram/ræm/noun-a male sheep
Example-He has a ram in his farm.

7.provocative/prəˈvɒk ə tɪv/adjective-intend to make someone angry or upset.
Example-In addition, this being Joan Rivers, the joke is undoubtedly tasteless and provocative in the extreme.

8.turmoil/ˈtɜr mɔɪl/noun-a state of great anxiety and confusion.
Example-His statement throw the court into turmoil.

Week11 17-18(English Vocabulary and Etymology)

Ba Jin- is considered to be one of the most important and widely read Chinese writers of the 20th century. taking his pseudonym from Russian anarchists Bakunin and Kropotkin. Ba Jin started writing his first works in the late 1920s.


Vocabulary

1.-archy-suffix means"rule" or " government"
Example-anarchy( a country or organization which there is no government control or rule)
                monarchy( a country that ruled by a king or a queen)
                oligarchy( a form of government which only control my a small group)

2.mort-combine words means "death"
Example-mortal( that can't live forever and must die )
                immortal( that can live forever and never die  )
                mortified( to feel really ashamed and embarrassed )

3.-gamy-suffix means "marry"
Example-autogamy( create or produce by the thing itself )
                polygamy(the husband have more than one wife)
                digamy( a second marriage)
4. bene-prefix means"good" or "well"
Example-beneficial( improve a situation having a helpful event )
                benevolent( a people that is kind and generous)
                benediction( an utterance of good wishes.)
5.mal-prefix means"wrong"
Example-malign( to say something badly in public)
                malevolent( having desire to harm others people)
                malicious( show hatred to somebody and harm them with desire)

6.magn-prefix means"large"
Example-magnificent( very impressive, attractive or deserving praise)
                magnum( a bottle containing 1.5 liters of wine)
                magnanimous( kind, generous especially toward the enemy or a rival)

7.imitation/ˌɪm ɪˈteɪ ʃən/noun-a copy of something, especially the expensive one.
Example-The latest production of the painting is a bad imitation.

8.symmetry/ˈsɪm ɪ tri/noun-the two things are matched side by side
Example-the symmetry of the garden design by Jane Chun was awarded.

9.epilogue/ˈɛp əˌlɔg/noun-a play or film that give comment or conclusion on it.
Example-Your arrival there always felt right, like the perfect last phase of your soccer career, so forget about this French epilogue.

10-sadist/ˈseɪ dɪst, ˈsæd ɪst/ noun-a person who get sexual pleasure by hurting someone.
Example-the actor in the fifty shades of Grey was a sadist.

11.pioneer/ˌpaɪ əˈnɪər/ noun-a person who is the first to study in particular area of knowledge or culture.
Example:They were the pioneers of the American West.

12.anarchism/ˈæn ərˌkɪz əm/noun-a doctrine urging the abolition of government or governmental restraints the indispensable condition for full social and political liberty.
Example-Capitalism is the one system that requires absolute objective law, yet theywant to combine capitalism and anarchism.

The poem
The Tyger by William Blake
This poem writes about a praise of the Christian God
http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/172943

TV series
Big love-it's a Mormon family with polygamy and patriarchy in Utah.


The Book

Magnum opus by Honore de Balzac
was a French novelist and playwright. His magnum opus was a sequence of short stories and novels collectively entitled La Comédie Humaine, which presents a panorama of French life in the years after the 1815 Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.