2016年1月7日 星期四

Week 17 Augustine of Hippo, The Confessions (western literature)

1.John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667), written in blank verse.

Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day

John Milton 1.jpg

2. Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton .It's consisted of ten books (twelve in its 1674 revised version) .The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan(protagonist) and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden.

Samson Agonistes is a tragic closet drama by John Milton. It appeared with the publication of Milton's Paradise Regain'd.


Paradise Regained is poet John Milton’s sequel to his great epic poem Paradise Lost (1667).It's consists of only four and retells Luke’s account of Jesus’ temptation in the desert by Satan.


3.Samson and Delilah- One day Samson went to Gaza, and everybody in Gaza want to kill him,but he is too strong,some times later he fell in love with Delilah, and The rulers of the Philistines tell her to lure Samson for  the people of Gaza can subdue him, then they will give her money,so Delilah try to ask him every time of the method that how to kill him and don't let him sleep, and finally he tells her that  if his head of 7 hair were shaved, his strength will disappear, so Delilah let him sleep and kill him.


4.Lucifer=prince of darkness is the King James Version rendering of the Hebrew word  in Isaiah 14:12. This word, or occurs only once in the Hebrew Bible and according to Strong's Concordance means "shining one, light bearer". As a result, "'Lucifer' has become a by-word for Satan/the Devil in the church and in popular literature", as in Dante Alighieri's Inferno and John Milton's Paradise Lost.


5.The Divine Comedy is an epic poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed 1320. It is widely considered the preeminent work of Italian literature and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature.The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval world-view as it had developed in the Western Church by the 14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language. It is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso.



6.Purgatorio  is the second part of Dante's Divine Comedy, The poem was written in the early 14th century.It is an allegory telling of the climb of Dante up the Mount of Purgatory, guided by the Roman poet Virgil, is depicted as a mountain in the Southern Hemisphere, consisting of a bottom section (Ante-Purgatory), seven levels of suffering and spiritual growth (associated with the seven deadly sins), and finally the Earthly Paradise at the top.


9.Seven Deadly Sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a Western religious grouping and classification of vices.This grouping emerged in the fourth century AD and was used for Christian ethical education and for confession. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, a mortal or deadly sin is believed to destroy the life of grace and charity within a person. Though the sins have fluctuated over time, the currently recognized list includes pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath and sloth.


8.A golden parachute is an agreement between a company and an employee specifying that the employee will receive certain significant benefits if employment is terminated. Most definitions specify the employment termination is as a result of a merger or takeover,also known as "Change-in-control benefits",  The benefits may include severance pay, cash bonuses, stock options, or other benefits.


9.Daniel "Dan" Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction who is best known for the 2003 bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code. Brown's novels are treasure hunts set in a 24-hour period,and feature the recurring themes of cryptography, keys, symbols, codes, and conspiracy theories. His books have been translated into 52 languages, and as of 2012, sold over 200 million copies. Three of them, Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), and Inferno (2013), have been/are being adapted into films.
Dan Brown November 2015.jpg

10.Moses  and Pharaoh
According to the book of Exodus, Moses is born in Israel family,but to prevent from Egyptian killing the new born of Israel, his mom-Jochebed,pass him down to the river,when Pharaoh's daughter adopted Moses as his son, and he live in Egyptian royal family as a prince,but when he grew up and kill a slaver master(he is murdering a slave of Hebrew ), he fled to Mdian,so he see a burning bush on the mountain,and meet the God of Israel,and tell him to release the Hebrew slavery,if Pharaoh don't accept,he will give ten plague to Egyptian.


 As Pharaoh don't release the slavery,the God kill his favorite snakes and turn the Nile river into blood,send frogs into whole city,Gnats and flies, all the livestock got sick and died, all the Egyptian get sick and all the crops died and last plague is God will take the new born life of Egyptian,so Israel need to smear the blood  of their sheep or goat on the door,so he will pass through.

When Pharaoh's son died,he finally release Israel's slavery and Moses bring them to Red River,and Pharaoh have bring troops to kill them,because he change his mind,then Moses reach out his stuff, and the river split into two side,when Israel's slavers all pass through, he take off the stuff, and Pharaoh's troop can't kill them,so during 40 years of traveling,Moses bring Israel to Canaan.


11.Ten Commandment are a set of commandments which the Bible describes as having been given to the Israelite by God at biblical Mount Sinai. Both versions state that God inscribed them on two stone tablets, which he gave to Moses. According to New Testament writers, the Ten Commandments are clearly attributed to Moses.The commandments include instructions to worship only God, to honour parents, and to keep the sabbath; as well as prohibitions against idolatry, blasphemy, murder, adultery, theft, dishonesty, and coveting.

"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain" is one of the Ten Commandments-"You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God"

12.Catherine the Great  (2 May  1729 – 17 November 1796), was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in the age of 67. She was born in Stettin, Pomerania, and came to power following a coup d'état when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Russia was revitalized under her reign, growing larger and stronger than ever and becoming recognized as one of the great powers of Europe.
Profile portrait of Catherine II by Fedor Rokotov (1763, Tretyakov gallery).jpg

13.The eight-day festival of Passover is celebrated in the early spring, from the 15th through the 22nd of the Hebrew month of Nissan. It commemorates the emancipation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. And, by following the rituals of Passover, we have the ability to relive and experience the true freedom that our ancestors gained.They eat  the bread they baked as provisions for the way did not have time to rise.


14.The Jewish diaspora or Exile refers to the dispersion of Israelites, Judahites, and later Jews out of what is considered their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and the communities built by them across the world.

In terms of the Hebrew Bible, the term "Exile" denotes the fate of the Israelites who were taken into exile from the Kingdom of Israel during the 8th century BCE, and the Judahites from the Kingdom of Judah who were taken into exile during the 6th century BCE.
Star of David
15. Manna is an edible substance that, according to the Bible and the Quran, God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert,according to the Book of Exodus, it's described like the food seed in the ground for Israel to collect and it will melt when the sun came out.
Tissot The Gathering of the Manna (color).jpg

16.Sermon on the Mount is a collection of sayings and teachings of Jesus, which emphasizes his moral teaching found in the Gospel of Matthew.The Sermon is the longest piece of teaching from Jesus in the New Testament, and has been one of the most widely quoted elements of the Canonical Gospels.It includes some of the best known teachings of Jesus, such as the Beatitudes, and the widely recited Lord's Prayer. To most believers in Jesus, the Sermon on the Mount contains the central tenets of Christian discipleship.


17.The Prodigal son is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in only one of the Canonical gospels of the New Testament, the Gospel of Luke.. According to the story, a father has two sons. The younger son asks for his inheritance before the father dies, and the father agrees. The younger son, after wasting his fortune (the word "prodigal" means "wastefully extravagant"),He then returns home with the intention of repenting and begging his father to be one of his hired servants, expecting his relationship with his father is likely severed. Regardless, the father finds him on the road and immediately welcomes him back as his son and holds a feast to celebrate his return.


18. Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in literature and other types of art, The term has its origin in the Ancient Greek word,"related to education and teaching", and signified learning in a fascinating and intriguing manner.

Vocabulary 

1.para- prefix means"side by side"
Example-parallel(extending in the same direction, equidistant at all points, and never converging or diverging)
                parasite(an organism that lives on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from the body of which it obtains nutriment.)
                parasol(a lightweight umbrella used, especially by women, as a sunshade.)

2.agony/ˈæg ə ni/ noun-extreme and generally prolonged pain; intense physical or mental suffering.
Example-The former chess champion said he remembered screaming in agony.

3.reconciliation/ˌrɛk ənˌsɪl iˈeɪ ʃən/noun- an end of disagreement and the start of a good relationship again.
Example-I do not envy him this ministry of reconciliation, which is fraught with complexity and nuance.

4.fable/ˈfeɪ bəl/ noun-a short tale to teach a moral lesson, often with animals or inanimate objects as characters.
Example-The fable tells us that if policymakers foster competition and cut taxes, the rest will pretty much work itself out.

5.allegory/ˈæl əˌgɔr i/noun-a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms.
Example-The painting is at the Metropolitan Museum, which considers it an allegory of the sense of sight.

6.parable/ˈpær ə bəl/ noun-a short allegorical story designed to illustrate or teach some truth, religious principle, or moral lesson.
Example-Expecting otherwise is enough to make one recite the parable of the Old Woman and the Snake.

The song
Hark the Herald Angel Sing

Hark the herald angels sing
"Glory to the newborn King!
Peace on earth and mercy mild
God and sinners reconciled"
Joyful, all ye nations rise
Join the triumph of the skies
With the angelic host proclaim:
"Christ is born in Bethlehem"
Hark! The herald angels sing"Glory to the newborn King!"

Christ by highest heav'n adored
Christ the everlasting Lord!
Late in time behold Him come
Offspring of a Virgin's womb
Veiled in flesh the Godhead see
Hail the incarnate Deity
Pleased as man with man to dwell
Jesus, our Emmanuel
Hark! The herald angels sing
"Glory to the newborn King!"


Hail the heav'n-born Prince of Peace!
Hail the Son of Righteousness!
Light and life to all He brings
Ris'n with healing in His wings
Mild He lays His glory by
Born that man no more may die
Born to raise the sons of earth
Born to give them second birth
Hark! The herald angels sing
"Glory to the newborn King!"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbdvo019mgM

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