Week 18 final exam(western literature)

Week 17 Augustine of Hippo, The Confessions (western literature)

1.John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667), written in blank verse.

Milton's poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and political turbulence of his day. 



2. Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton .It's consisted of ten books (twelve in its 1674 revised version) .The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan(protagonist) and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden.

Samson Agonistes is a tragic closet drama by John Milton. It appeared with the publication of Milton's Paradise Regain'd.


Paradise Regained is poet John Milton’s sequel to his great epic poem Paradise Lost (1667).It's consists of only four and retells Luke’s account of Jesus’ temptation in the desert by Satan.


3.Samson and Delilah- One day Samson went to Gaza, and everybody in Gaza want to kill him,but he is too strong,some times later he fell in love with Delilah, and The rulers of the Philistines tell her to lure Samson for  the people of Gaza can subdue him, then they will give her money,so Delilah try to ask him every time of the method that how to kill him and don't let him sleep, and finally he tells her that  if his head of 7 hair were shaved, his strength will disappear, so Delilah let him sleep and kill him.


4.Lucifer=prince of darkness is the King James Version rendering of the Hebrew word  in Isaiah 14:12. This word, or occurs only once in the Hebrew Bible and according to Strong's Concordance means "shining one, light bearer". As a result, "'Lucifer' has become a by-word for Satan/the Devil in the church and in popular literature", as in Dante Alighieri's Inferno and John Milton's Paradise Lost.


5.The Divine Comedy is an epic poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed 1320. It is widely considered the preeminent work of Italian literature and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature.The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval world-view as it had developed in the Western Church by the 14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language. It is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso.



6.Purgatorio  is the second part of Dante's Divine Comedy, The poem was written in the early 14th century.It is an allegory telling of the climb of Dante up the Mount of Purgatory, guided by the Roman poet Virgil, is depicted as a mountain in the Southern Hemisphere, consisting of a bottom section (Ante-Purgatory), seven levels of suffering and spiritual growth (associated with the seven deadly sins), and finally the Earthly Paradise at the top.


9.Seven Deadly Sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a Western religious grouping and classification of vices.This grouping emerged in the fourth century AD and was used for Christian ethical education and for confession. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, a mortal or deadly sin is believed to destroy the life of grace and charity within a person. Though the sins have fluctuated over time, the currently recognized list includes pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath and sloth.


8.A golden parachute is an agreement between a company and an employee specifying that the employee will receive certain significant benefits if employment is terminated. Most definitions specify the employment termination is as a result of a merger or takeover,also known as "Change-in-control benefits",  The benefits may include severance pay, cash bonuses, stock options, or other benefits.


9.Daniel "Dan" Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction who is best known for the 2003 bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code. Brown's novels are treasure hunts set in a 24-hour period,and feature the recurring themes of cryptography, keys, symbols, codes, and conspiracy theories. His books have been translated into 52 languages, and as of 2012, sold over 200 million copies. Three of them, Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), and Inferno (2013), have been/are being adapted into films.


10.Moses  and Pharaoh
According to the book of Exodus, Moses is born in Israel family,but to prevent from Egyptian killing the new born of Israel, his mom-Jochebed,pass him down to the river,when Pharaoh's daughter adopted Moses as his son, and he live in Egyptian royal family as a prince,but when he grew up and kill a slaver master(he is murdering a slave of Hebrew ), he fled to Mdian,so he see a burning bush on the mountain,and meet the God of Israel,and tell him to release the Hebrew slavery,if Pharaoh don't accept,he will give ten plague to Egyptian.


 As Pharaoh don't release the slavery,the God kill his favorite snakes and turn the Nile river into blood,send frogs into whole city,Gnats and flies, all the livestock got sick and died, all the Egyptian get sick and all the crops died and last plague is God will take the new born life of Egyptian,so Israel need to smear the blood  of their sheep or goat on the door,so he will pass through.

When Pharaoh's son died,he finally release Israel's slavery and Moses bring them to Red River,and Pharaoh have bring troops to kill them,because he change his mind,then Moses reach out his stuff, and the river split into two side,when Israel's slavers all pass through, he take off the stuff, and Pharaoh's troop can't kill them,so during 40 years of traveling,Moses bring Israel to Canaan.


11.Ten Commandment are a set of commandments which the Bible describes as having been given to the Israelite by God at biblical Mount Sinai. Both versions state that God inscribed them on two stone tablets, which he gave to Moses. According to New Testament writers, the Ten Commandments are clearly attributed to Moses.The commandments include instructions to worship only God, to honour parents, and to keep the sabbath; as well as prohibitions against idolatry, blasphemy, murder, adultery, theft, dishonesty, and coveting.

"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain" is one of the Ten Commandments-"You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God"

12.Catherine the Great  (2 May  1729 – 17 November 1796), was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in the age of 67. She was born in Stettin, Pomerania, and came to power following a coup d'état when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Russia was revitalized under her reign, growing larger and stronger than ever and becoming recognized as one of the great powers of Europe.


13.The eight-day festival of Passover is celebrated in the early spring, from the 15th through the 22nd of the Hebrew month of Nissan. It commemorates the emancipation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. And, by following the rituals of Passover, we have the ability to relive and experience the true freedom that our ancestors gained.They eat  the bread they baked as provisions for the way did not have time to rise.


14.The Jewish diaspora or Exile refers to the dispersion of Israelites, Judahites, and later Jews out of what is considered their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and the communities built by them across the world.

In terms of the Hebrew Bible, the term "Exile" denotes the fate of the Israelites who were taken into exile from the Kingdom of Israel during the 8th century BCE, and the Judahites from the Kingdom of Judah who were taken into exile during the 6th century BCE.

15. Manna is an edible substance that, according to the Bible and the Quran, God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert,according to the Book of Exodus, it's described like the food seed in the ground for Israel to collect and it will melt when the sun came out.


16.Sermon on the Mount is a collection of sayings and teachings of Jesus, which emphasizes his moral teaching found in the Gospel of Matthew.The Sermon is the longest piece of teaching from Jesus in the New Testament, and has been one of the most widely quoted elements of the Canonical Gospels.It includes some of the best known teachings of Jesus, such as the Beatitudes, and the widely recited Lord's Prayer. To most believers in Jesus, the Sermon on the Mount contains the central tenets of Christian discipleship.


17.The Prodigal son is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in only one of the Canonical gospels of the New Testament, the Gospel of Luke.. According to the story, a father has two sons. The younger son asks for his inheritance before the father dies, and the father agrees. The younger son, after wasting his fortune (the word "prodigal" means "wastefully extravagant"),He then returns home with the intention of repenting and begging his father to be one of his hired servants, expecting his relationship with his father is likely severed. Regardless, the father finds him on the road and immediately welcomes him back as his son and holds a feast to celebrate his return.


18. Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in literature and other types of art, The term has its origin in the Ancient Greek word,"related to education and teaching", and signified learning in a fascinating and intriguing manner.

Vocabulary 

1.para- prefix means"side by side"
Example-parallel(extending in the same direction, equidistant at all points, and never converging or diverging)
                parasite(an organism that lives on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from the body of which it obtains nutriment.)
                parasol(a lightweight umbrella used, especially by women, as a sunshade.)

2.agony/ˈæg ə ni/ noun-extreme and generally prolonged pain; intense physical or mental suffering.
Example-The former chess champion said he remembered screaming in agony.

3.reconciliation/ˌrɛk ənˌsɪl iˈeɪ ʃən/noun- an end of disagreement and the start of a good relationship again.
Example-I do not envy him this ministry of reconciliation, which is fraught with complexity and nuance.

4.fable/ˈfeɪ bəl/ noun-a short tale to teach a moral lesson, often with animals or inanimate objects as characters.
Example-The fable tells us that if policymakers foster competition and cut taxes, the rest will pretty much work itself out.

5.allegory/ˈæl əˌgɔr i/noun-a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms.
Example-The painting is at the Metropolitan Museum, which considers it an allegory of the sense of sight.

6.parable/ˈpær ə bəl/ noun-a short allegorical story designed to illustrate or teach some truth, religious principle, or moral lesson.
Example-Expecting otherwise is enough to make one recite the parable of the Old Woman and the Snake.

The song
Hark the Herald Angel Sing

Hark the herald angels sing
"Glory to the newborn King!
Peace on earth and mercy mild
God and sinners reconciled"
Joyful, all ye nations rise
Join the triumph of the skies
With the angelic host proclaim:
"Christ is born in Bethlehem"
Hark! The herald angels sing"Glory to the newborn King!"

Christ by highest heav'n adored
Christ the everlasting Lord!
Late in time behold Him come
Offspring of a Virgin's womb
Veiled in flesh the Godhead see
Hail the incarnate Deity
Pleased as man with man to dwell
Jesus, our Emmanuel
Hark! The herald angels sing
"Glory to the newborn King!"

Hail the heav'n-born Prince of Peace!
Hail the Son of Righteousness!
Light and life to all He brings
Ris'n with healing in His wings
Mild He lays His glory by
Born that man no more may die
Born to raise the sons of earth
Born to give them second birth
Hark! The herald angels sing
"Glory to the newborn King!"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbdvo019mgM

Week 16 The New Testament (western literature)

1. Divine Comedy-is an epic poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed 1320. It is widely considered the preeminent work of Italian literature and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature.

  The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval world-view as it had developed in the Western Church by the 14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language.It is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso.





2.Psalm-is the first book of the Ketuvim , the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.The title is derived from the Greek translation, meaning "instrumental music".

 The book is an anthology of individual psalms, with 150 in the Jewish and Western Christian tradition and more in the Eastern Christian churches. Many of the psalms are linked to the name of King David.



3.Psalm 23



4. Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546)- was a German friar, priest, professor of theology, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation.Initially an Augustinian friar, Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money.

He taught that salvation and subsequently eternal life is not earned by good deeds but is received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God.


5.Protestantism- is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.

 Anglicanism is sometimes considered to be independent from Protestantism.The term derives from the letter of protestation from Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical.


6. Catholicism-refer to the practices of several Christian churches. This sense is to be distinguished from the use of these words to refer to the Roman Catholic Church, that which is in full communion with the Holy See, as well as the Orthodox Catholic Church, which also considers itself the universal and apostolic church.



7.Noah and the flood-God want Noah to build the ark and bring his family with two all living creatures,male and female, because God will destroy the earth with flooding,also warn don't look back,but when his wife just looking back,she turn into stone as punishment.
 

8.Raven(Omen) and Dove(Peace)-When the flood is over,Noah send the black raven outside to check if the rain is stop, but it never come back,so we relate the black raven as bad fortune, and on the other hand,when the white dove was send and did came back with a olive leaf in its mouth,such as Taiwan's police logo or Korean.

9.Prometheus and Pandora-When Prometheus steal the fire from Zeus for mankind,his punishment is get chained and eat by birds, but he always grow back, so Zeus demand Hephaestus create a beauty woman-Pandora, Zeus give her a mysterious jar with bad things, warned her not to open it.

Zeus let Hermes takes Pandora to Epimetheus(Prometheus's brother)as his bride,when Prometheus warned him bot to accept, but he did,finally when Pandara was curious of the jar, she just open the jar,and this is the end of humanity with a lot of plague. 



10.Freewill Salvation The Fall-When Adam and Eve eat the forbidden fruit(apple tree),their eye wide open, and realize they are naked, so they use fig to cover the body,and God drive them out of Garden of Eden with judgement, they have to grow their own food,Adam need to work hard, and Eve have the pain of labor(childbirth),the snake lost the feet to walk.


11.Cain and Abel(sons of Adam and Cain)- Cain is described as a crop farmer and his younger brother Abel as a shepherd. Cain was the first human born and Abel was the first human to die. Cain committed the first murder by killing Abel.



Vocabulary

1.mor/mort-prefix means"to die"
Example- morgue(a place in which dead bodies are kept until they have been identified or disposed of.)
                 mortician(one who conducts the preparation of a dead person's body for burial and directs funeral services.)
                 mortal(the state or condition of being subject to death; mortal character, nature, or existence.)

2.frag/fra-prefix means"to break"

Example-fragment(a part broken off or detached)
                fragile(easily broken, shattered, or damaged; delicate; brittle; frail)
                frailty(moral weakness; liability to yield to temptation.)

3.greedy/ˈgri di/ adjective-excessively or inordinately desirous of wealth.
Example-They also are sure to continue portraying millionaire Mitt as the greedy capitalist devil incarnate.

4.monotheism/ˈmɒn ə θiˌɪz əm/noun -the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
Example-The question between polytheism and monotheism, which has loomed so large to some minds, never troubled him.

5.scarecrow-/ˈskɛərˌkroʊ/ noun- an object, usually a figure of a person in old clothes, set up to frighten crows or other birds away from crops.
Example-His size 22 feet splayed out in front of him, he resembles an oversize version of the scarecrow in The Wizard of Oz.

The video
Presidential Farewell Speech George W Bush
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFqezJcneeI

The book

William Shakespeare's Helmet:
Must I remember? why, she would hang on him,
As if increase of appetite had grown
By what it fed on: and yet, within a month 
Let me not think on't - Frailty, thy name is woman! 
A little month, or ere those shoes were old
With which she follow'd my poor father's body.

Week 15 Bible:The Old Testament (western literature)

1.Charles Dicken(7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the twentieth century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. such as Oliver Twist and  A Tale of Two Cities


2.David Copperfield is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens. It was first published as a serial in 1849–50, and as a book in 1850. Many elements of the novel follow events in Dickens' own life, and it is probably the most autobiographical of his novels.In the preface to the 1867 edition, Dickens wrote, "like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favorite child. And his name is David Copperfield."



3. In Jesus's Childhood, When the family caravan was a day’s journey from Jerusalem on their way toward home, they discovered that Jesus was missing,but when they found him in the temple area. He was not playing with other boys, lost or even scared to be on his own. He was instead involved in serious discussions with some of the learned teachers of the law in Jerusalem, “both listening to them and asking them questions”


4. In the bible about Jesus's birth-the angel appeared to Joseph in a dream and explained to him that all this was bringing about the fulfillment of prophecy that a virgin would bear a child who was to be the Savior , and he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife. But he had no union with her until she gave birth to a son. And he gave him the name Jesus.”


5. Original sin- is the Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sin resulting from the fall of man,when Adam and Eve eat the forbidden fruit( sin of consuming from the tree of knowledge of good and evil) in Garden of Eden,which they had been commanded not to do by God.


6.Michelangelo-was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.Considered as the greatest living artist in his lifetime, he has since been held as one of the greatest artists of all time.Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.


7.A gospel is an account describing the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. The most widely known examples are the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John which are included in the New Testament.

Christianity places a high value on the four canonical gospels, which it considers to be a revelation from God and central to its belief system.Christianity traditionally teaches that the four canonical gospels are an accurate and authoritative representation of the life of Jesus,but more liberal churches and many scholars believe that not everything contained in the gospels is historically reliable.


8.The Hebrew Bible-is the term used by biblical scholars to refer to the Tanakh, the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is the common textual source of the several canonical editions of the Christian Old Testament. These texts are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew, with some passages in Biblical Aramaic.


9.Abraham and Isaac
Three visitors come to Abraham and said that he would have a son. Sarah believed she was too old to have a child and laughed. Yet she did conceive (Genesis 21:1-7) and had a baby named Isaac, whose name means laughter.


10.Noah-God revealed Himself to Noah and told him of the impending Flood.
So God said to Noah, "I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth" (Genesis 6:13).


11.Jacob-Jacob had personal visits from God on a number of occasions.There beside him stood the LORD and said: "I am the LORD, the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the land on which you are lying" (Genesis 28:13).


12.The sacrifice of Issac- To test the faith of Abraham, God want Abraham to sacrifice his own son- Isaac in the region of  Moriah, so he lie to his wife Sarah and binding his son and burn him on fire by wood,but it's avoided by the angel, he tells Abraham not to kill his son ,because he really have the faith for God, so God  give him a white lamb.


13.Yahweh- is the national god of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah.His origins are mysterious, although they reach back to the early Iron Age and even the Late Bronze: his name may have begun as an epithet of El, head of the Bronze Age Canaanite pantheon,but the earliest plausible mentions are in Egyptian texts that place him among the nomads of the southern Transjordan.


Vocabulary

1. gen-prefix means "race" or "kind of"

Example-genesis(Development into being)
                generic(Belonging to race or kind)
                genital(The reproductive organs)

2.scrooge/skrudʒ/noun-A mean-spirited miserly person.
Example- I hate those people who are the scrooge, they are rich enough, but still don't help the poor's situation.

3.secular/ˈsɛkjəlɚ/adjective-Worldly rather than spiritual.
Example-The choir sings both sacred and secular music.

4.vulgar/ˈvʌlgɚ/adjective-Deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement.
Example-They are many people, who spitting in public is considered vulgar,but they don't even care about it.

5.fresco/ˈfrɛsko/noun-The art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water.
Example-The actor have paint a masterpiece in fresco, which sell for ten million dollars.

The movie

1.The Christmas Carol- is the novel of Charles Dickens,which change to the movie, the story is about an old man named Ebenezer Scrooge who change his personality when he meet the ghost- Jacob Marley,who come to save him form the same fate.


2.Meet me in St. Louis- is a 1944 musical film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer which tells the story of an American family living in St. Louis at the time of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair in 1904.



The song
Sam Smith - Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas

Have yourself a merry little Christmas
Let your heart be light
From now on your troubles will be out of sight

Have yourself a merry little Christmas
Make the Yuletide gay
From now on your troubles will be miles away

Here we are as in olden days
Happy golden days of yore
Faithful friends who are dear to us
To gather near to us once more

Through the years we all will be together
If the fates allow
Hang a shining star upon the highest place
So have yourself a merry little Christmas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnEqv8WcVq8

Week 14 Aristotle’s Poetics (western literature)

1. Mimesis- is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings, which include imitation, representation, mimicry, receptivity, non-sensuous similarity, the act of resembling, the act of expression, and the presentation of the self.

One of the best-known modern studies of mimesis, understood as a form of realism in literature, is Erich Auerbach's Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature- is a history of representation in Western literature from ancient to modern times and frequently cited as a classic in the study of realism in literature
Erich Auerbach (November 9, 1892 – October 13, 1957) was a philologist and comparative scholar and critic of literature.

2.Lysistrata- The plot begin with Lysistata and her friend  Calonice, they persuade the other woman to not to do sex with their husband, so all the woman decide to sex strike, for the man to declare the peace without  Peloponnese War, and with the help of the most gorgeous and young woman- Reconciliation, finally they make agreement.



3.Aristotle's Poetic- is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory.

In it, Aristotle offers an account of what he calls "poetry" (a term which in Greek literally means "making" and in this context includes drama—comedy, tragedy, and the satyr play—as well as lyric poetry and epic poetry). They are similar in the fact that they are all imitations but different in the three ways that Aristotle describes:

1.Differences in music rhythm, harmony, meter and melody.
2.Difference of goodness in the characters.
3.Difference in how the narrative is presented: telling a story or acting it out.



4.Classical unities(Aristotelian unities, or three unities)- are rules for drama derived from a passage in Aristotle's Poetics. In their neoclassical form they are as follows:

1.unity of action: a play should have one action that it follows, with minimal subplots.
2.unity of time: the action in a play should occur over a period of no more than 24 hours.
3.unity of place: a play should exist in a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place.

5.Definition of Aristotle's tragedy- the “imitation of an action” (mimesis) according to “the law of probability or necessity.” Aristotle indicates that the medium of tragedy is drama, not narrative; tragedy “shows” rather than “tells.” According to Aristotle, tragedy is higher and more philosophical than history because history simply relates what has happened while tragedy dramatizes what may happen, “what is possibile according to the law of probability or necessity.”

5.Plato-was a philosopher and mathematician in Classical Greece, and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition.Plato was the innovator of the dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy, which originate with him.




6.Socrates-was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes.


7.Harmartia- is commonly understood to refer to the protagonist’s error or flaw that leads to a chain of plot actions culminating in a reversal from their good fortune to bad.

Harmartia is first described in the subject of literary criticism by Aristotle in his Poetics. The source of Hamartia is at the juncture between Character and the character's actions or behaviors as outlined by Aristotle.

Vocabulary

1.e-prefix means"to evolve"
Example-evolution(any process of formation or growth; development)
                evolve(to develop gradually)

2.omni-prefix means "all "
Example-omniscient(knowing everything)
                omnifarious(all forms, varieties, or kinds.)
                omnipotence(almighty or infinite in power, as God.)
                

3.masturbation/ˌmæs tərˈbeɪ ʃən/ noun-the stimulation or manipulation of one's own genitals, especially to orgasm; sexual self-gratification.
Example-The love of flagellation temporarily died out, however, and gave place to masturbation and later to a normal attraction to women.

4.abuse/əˈbyuz/verb-the use of something in a way that is wrong or harmful.
Example-He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.

5.farce/fɑrs/noun-a funny play for the theatre based on ridiculous way.
Example-We don't like to see a bedroom farce in the theatre.

6.tragic- flaw/ˈtrædʒ ɪk -flɔ/noun-the character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy; hamartia.
Example-This British playwright has a tragic flaw , everything she writes comes out funny.

7.point of view(POV)/pɔɪnt//ʌv//vyu /noun- specified or stated manner of consideration or appraisal.
Example-Olivier Rousteing also is sustaining the point of view at Balmain that returned the house to the spotlight.

The poem

A Red,Red Rose by Robert Burns

My love is like a red, red rose
   That’s newly sprung in June :
My love is like the melody

   That’s sweetly played in tune.

As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
   So deep in love am I :
And I will love thee still, my dear,
   Till a’ the seas gang dry.

Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,
   And the rocks melt wi’ the sun :
And I will love thee still, my dear,
   While the sands o’ life shall run.

And fare thee weel, my only love,
   And fare thee weel a while !
And I will come again, my love,

   Thou’ it were ten thousand mile.

The video

How to take great note?
1.Don't write fact,write conclusion-information that you understand.
2.Colorful.
3.Review-share to the others and relearn again.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAhRf3U50lM