![Henrik Ibsen by Gustav Borgen NFB-19775.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Henrik_Ibsen_by_Gustav_Borgen_NFB-19775.jpg/250px-Henrik_Ibsen_by_Gustav_Borgen_NFB-19775.jpg)
Ibsen wrote his plays in Danish (the common written language of Denmark and Norway) and they were published by the Danish publisher Gyldendal. Although most of his plays are set in Norway—often in places reminiscent of Skien, the port town where he grew up—Ibsen lived for 27 years in Italy and Germany, and rarely visited Norway during his most productive years.
The play is significant for its critical attitude toward 19th-century marriage norms. It aroused great controversy at the time,as it concludes with the protagonist, Nora, leaving her husband and children because she wants to discover herself. Ibsen was inspired by the belief that "a woman cannot be herself in modern society," since it is "an exclusively male society, with laws made by men and with prosecutors and judges who assess feminine conduct from a masculine standpoint." Its ideas can also be seen as having a wider application: Michael Meyer argued that the play's theme is not women's rights, but rather "the need of every individual to find out the kind of person he or she really is and to strive to become that person." In a speech given to the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights in 1898, Ibsen insisted that he "must disclaim the honor of having consciously worked for the women's rights movement," since he wrote "without any conscious thought of making propaganda," his task having been "the description of humanity."
In 2006, the centennial of Ibsen's death, A Doll's House held the distinction of being the world's most performed play for that year. UNESCO has inscribed Ibsen's autographed manuscripts of A Doll's House on the Memory of the World Register in 2001, in recognition of their historical value.
2.Marianne Moore- "poetry"
She mention that poetry is useful and unintelligible, also it is about 'literalists of imagination"-above insolence and triviality and can present for inspection."imaginary garden with real toads in them,"
![Marianne Moore 1948 hires.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Marianne_Moore_1948_hires.jpg/220px-Marianne_Moore_1948_hires.jpg)
![A black-and-white photo of Cummings standing in profile](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/E._E._Cummings_NYWTS.jpg/220px-E._E._Cummings_NYWTS.jpg)
Despite Cummings's familiarity with avant-garde styles (undoubtedly affected by the Calligrammes of Apollinaire, according to a contemporary observation), much of his work is quite traditional. Many of his poems are sonnets, albeit often with a modern twist, and he occasionally made use of the blues form and acrostics. Cummings' poetry often deals with themes of love and nature, as well as the relationship of the individual to the masses and to the world. His poems are also often rife with satire.While his poetic forms and themes share an affinity with the romantic tradition, Cummings' work universally shows a particular idiosyncrasy of syntax, or way of arranging individual words into larger phrases and sentences. Many of his most striking poems do not involve any typographical or punctuation innovations at all, but purely syntactic ones.
4.Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well; the entire story is usually written in metred verse. Narrative poems do not have to follow rhythmic patterns. The poems that make up this genre may be short or long, and the story it relates to may be complex. It is normally dramatic, with objectives, diverse characters, and metre. Narrative poems include epics, ballads, idylls, and lays.An example of narrative poetry is Edward arlington Robinson-"Richard Cory".
6.La Belle Dame Sans Merci (French for "The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy") is a ballad written by the English poet John Keats. It exists in two versions, with minor differences between them. The original was written by Keats in 1819. He used the title of the 15th-century La Belle Dame sans Mercy by Alain Chartier, though the plots of the two poems are different.
![John Keats by William Hilton.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_Keats_by_William_Hilton.jpg/250px-John_Keats_by_William_Hilton.jpg)
John Keats ( 31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets, along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his work having been in publication for only four years before his death.
Although his poems were not generally well received by critics during his lifetime, his reputation grew after his death, and by the end of the 19th century, he had become one of the most beloved of all English poets. He had a significant influence on a diverse range of poets and writers. Jorge Luis Borges stated that his first encounter with Keats's work was the most significant literary experience of his life.
The poetry of Keats is characterised by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes. This is typical of romantic poets, as they aimed to accentuate extreme emotion through the emphasis of natural imagery. Today his poems and letters are some of the most popular and most analysed in English literature.
6.Dionysus is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility,theatre and religious ecstasy in Greek mythology. Alcohol, especially wine, played an important role in Greek culture with Dionysus being an important reason for this life style
![Dionysos Louvre Ma87 n2.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dionysos_Louvre_Ma87_n2.jpg/220px-Dionysos_Louvre_Ma87_n2.jpg)
7. Semele in Greek mythology, daughter of the Boeotian hero Cadmus and Harmonia, was the mortal mother of Dionysus by Zeus in one of his many origin myths.Certain elements of the cult of Dionysus and Semele came from the Phrygians. These were modified, expanded and elaborated by the Ionian Greek invaders and colonists. Herodotus, who gives the account of Cadmus, estimates that Semele lived sixteen hundred years before his time, or around 2000 BCE.In Rome, the goddess Stimula was identified as Semele.
![](http://www.musicweb-international.com/SandH/2003/July03/semele1.jpg)
8. The dithyramb was an ancient Greek hymn sung and danced in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility; the term was also used as an epithet of the god:Plato, in The Laws, while discussing various kinds of music mentions "the birth of Dionysos, called, I think, the dithyramb." Plato also remarks in the Republic that dithyrambs are the clearest example of poetry in which the poet is the only speaker.
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Vocabulary
1.rhyme /raɪm/noun - Correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.
For Example-Poetic features such as rhythm, rhyme, and alliteration.
2.sarcasm/ˈsɑr kæz əm/ noun-The use of irony to mock or convey contempt
For Example-she didn’t like the note of sarcasm in his voice.
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